Describe the DSM-5-TR criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

• A. Absence of obsessions and compulsions; only anxiety.
• B. Obsessions are optional and compulsions are unrelated to distress.
• C. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both; obsessions intrusive; compulsions repetitive; time-consuming (>1 hour/day) or distress/impairment; not due to substances or another condition.
• D. OCD is diagnosed by mood symptoms alone.

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is that OCD is diagnosed when a person has obsessions, compulsions, or both, that are intrusive and time‑consuming or cause significant distress or impairment, and are not due to a substance or another medical condition. Obsessions are distressing, intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that repeatedly surface. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to those obsessions, often aimed at reducing distress or preventing a feared outcome, even though the link between the action and the outcome may be unrealistic or excessive. The symptoms must take up a lot of time—typically more than an hour a day—or cause clear impairment, and they cannot be better explained by another condition. So the described option matches these criteria by noting the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both; their intrusive and repetitive nature; the time or distress/impairment they cause; and that they aren’t due to substances or another condition. The other statements contradict these essential features— OCD is not defined by the absence of symptoms, nor by unrelated mood symptoms, nor by obsessions being optional—so they don’t fit.